What are Nonflowering plants?
Non-flowering plants do not produce flowers and reproduce by spores as in liverworts, mosses and ferns or produce seeds without flowers as in gymnosperms.
1. Mosses: belongs to bryophytes.
- Dominant phase in the life cycle is haploid gametophyte.
- Mosses are small, non-vascular plants reproduce by spores.
- Example: Funaria
2. Liverworts: belongs to bryophytes.
- Dominant phase in the life cycle is haploid gametophyte.
- Small dorsiventral non-vascular plants reproduce by means of spores released from capsules.
- Example: Riccia
3. Hornworts: belongs to bryophytes.
- Dominant phase in the life cycle is haploid gametophyte.
- It has elongated horn like sporophyte.
- Small dorsiventral non-vascular plants reproduce by means of spores released from capsules.
- Example: Anthoceros
4. Ferns:Â belongs to pteridophytes.Â
- Dominant phase in the life cycle is diploid sporophyte.
- Vascular plants reproduce by spores and have neither seeds nor flowers.
- Example: Pteris, Dryopteris
5. Horsetails: belongs to pteridophytes.Â
- Dominant phase in the life cycle is diploid sporophyte.
- Hollow jointed stem which bears whorls of narrow leaves, producing spores in cones at the tips of the shoots.
- Vascular plants reproduce by spores and have neither seeds nor flowers.
- Example: Equisetum
6. Whisk fern: belongs to pteridophytes.Â
- Primitive fern with dichotomously branched stem without roots
- Dominant phase in the life cycle is diploid sporophyte.
- Vascular plants reproduce by spores produced inside synangium.
- Example: Psilotum
7. Clubmoss: belongs to pteridophytes.Â
- Dominant phase in the life cycle is diploid sporophyte.
- creeping stem with small scale like leaves.
- Vascular plants reproduce by spores produced inside sporangia that are borne on cone-like structures called strobili.
- Example:Â Lycopodium
8. Conifer: belongs to gymnosperms.Â
- Dominant phase in the life cycle is diploid sporophyte.Â
- Group of cone-bearing seed plants without flowers.
- Woody plants mostly trees. Needle like or scale like leaves.
- Example:Â Pinus
9. Cycas: belongs to gymnosperms.Â
- Dominant phase in the life cycle is diploid sporophyte.Â
- Group of cone-bearing seed plants without flowers.
- Palm like evergreen plant.
- Example: Cycas revoluta, Cycas circinalis
10. Ginkgo: belongs to gymnosperms.Â
- Dominant phase in the life cycle is diploid sporophyte.Â
- Group of cone-bearing seed plants without flowers.
- Tree with fan-shaped leaves.
- Example: Ginkgo biloba
Watch this video for clear images of these plants
