What are Nonflowering plants?

Non-flowering plants do not produce flowers and reproduce by spores as in liverworts, mosses and ferns or produce seeds without flowers as in gymnosperms.

10 examples of Non-flowering plants

1. Mosses: belongs to bryophytes.

  • Dominant phase in the life cycle is haploid gametophyte.
  • Mosses are small, non-vascular plants reproduce by spores.
  • Example: Funaria

2. Liverworts: belongs to bryophytes.

  • Dominant phase in the life cycle is haploid gametophyte.
  • Small dorsiventral non-vascular plants reproduce by means of spores released from capsules.
  • Example: Riccia

3. Hornworts: belongs to bryophytes.

  • Dominant phase in the life cycle is haploid gametophyte.
  • It has elongated horn like sporophyte.
  • Small dorsiventral non-vascular plants reproduce by means of spores released from capsules.
  • Example: Anthoceros

4. Ferns: belongs to pteridophytes. 

  • Dominant phase in the life cycle is diploid sporophyte.
  • Vascular plants reproduce by spores and have neither seeds nor flowers.
  • Example: PterisDryopteris

5. Horsetails: belongs to pteridophytes. 

  • Dominant phase in the life cycle is diploid sporophyte.
  • Hollow jointed stem which bears whorls of narrow leaves, producing spores in cones at the tips of the shoots.
  • Vascular plants reproduce by spores and have neither seeds nor flowers.
  • Example: Equisetum

6. Whisk fern: belongs to pteridophytes. 

  • Primitive fern with dichotomously branched stem without roots
  • Dominant phase in the life cycle is diploid sporophyte.
  • Vascular plants reproduce by spores produced inside synangium.
  • Example: Psilotum

7. Clubmoss: belongs to pteridophytes. 

  • Dominant phase in the life cycle is diploid sporophyte.
  • creeping stem with small scale like leaves.
  • Vascular plants reproduce by spores produced inside sporangia that are borne on cone-like structures called strobili.
  • Example: Lycopodium

8. Conifer: belongs to gymnosperms. 

  • Dominant phase in the life cycle is diploid sporophyte. 
  • Group of cone-bearing seed plants without flowers.
  • Woody plants mostly trees. Needle like or scale like leaves.
  • Example: Pinus

9. Cycas: belongs to gymnosperms. 

  • Dominant phase in the life cycle is diploid sporophyte. 
  • Group of cone-bearing seed plants without flowers.
  • Palm like evergreen plant.
  • Example: Cycas revoluta, Cycas circinalis

10. Ginkgo: belongs to gymnosperms. 

  • Dominant phase in the life cycle is diploid sporophyte. 
  • Group of cone-bearing seed plants without flowers.
  • Tree with fan-shaped leaves.
  • Example: Ginkgo biloba

Watch this video for clear images of these plants

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